Apparatus for generating steam



Sept 2, 1930. K. MAYR 1,774,654

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM Filed June 4, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 To Flue To Flue Fl l T Sept. 2, 1930. K. MAYR l,774,654

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM Filed June 4, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. #046 W/ I2 fi ATTORNEYS.

Patented Sept. 2, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Y KARL HAYB, OI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB TO SIEMENS-SCHUGKEBTWEBKE GE- BELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHBANKTEB HAFTUN G, or BERLIN-SIEMENSSTADT, GERMANY APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM Application filed June 4, 1927, Serial No. 196,508, and in Germany June 4, 1926.

My invention relates to apparatus for gencrating steam.

radiant flamefbody to. heating tubes to an unusually great extent.

Another object is to provlde means for easily changing the proportion of refractory and heat-a chambers. r

A' further object is to provide a design, which if used for plants of several sizes (outputs) secures the same proportion between volume of combustion chamber and heating surface capable of absorbing radiant heat for all sizes. v

Another object is an arrangement by'which easy access may be had to the burners and air supply system to the combustion chambers. A further object is toprovide a design in which all brickwork or refractory which is exposed to radiant heat may either be air-cooled or cooled by the tubes carrying rbing surfaces in combustion .the operating medium.

It is well known that the transmission of heat by radiation has a great influence upon the economy of the operation of boilers and particularly on the firstcost and for this reason the combustion chambers of nozzle furnaces (oil, gas, pulverized coal and the like) are as much as possible lined with tubes. As large a heating surface as possible should be accommodated in the combustion chamber. Only so much heat-absorbing'surface can be provided in the combustion chamber that the sorbing tubes, through which the operating medium circulates either by natural flow.

(thermal system) or by "artificial means (force pu mps). The height of the combustion chamber is aterial variable only-to a limited extent. As the volume of the chamber is a function of the square of its diameter (for instance in the case of a cylindrical combustion chamber), and the area of its surroundin walls ison the basis of equal heightin irect proportion to its diameter, it is obvious that the proortion of combustion chamber wall to comustion chamber volume becomes smaller with increasing size of the chamber; It may be noted in thls connection that the volume of the chamber is'in direct proportion to the output'of the steam generator so long as the same kind "of'fuel is used.

In order to eliminate the difliculties which arise in dimensioning various sizes of boilers and to utilize the combustion chamber space to the best advantage, I provide besides the tubes closely surrounding the radiating spacc (the combustion chamber) still further tubes in the combustion chamber. -An embodiment of my invention isillustrated in the drawings attached hereto, in

- Figure 1 shows a vertical section of my improved steam generator, and A Figur the hue 22 of Figure 1.

The confi as its outsi e shape is concerned, may have anysuitable'shape.= It may be, for instance,

round orsquare or octagon shape. In the present modification, a round shape'is assumed.

Referring more particularly to the drawe 2 a horizontal section thereof on ration of the generator, so far a ings, 7 represents a heat insulating wall surrounding the generator respectively forming orenclosing the generating chamber. lhis generatmg chamber is divided into a plurality of individual concentric combustion chamhers by means of a number of circular rows of pipes or generator tubes 1, 2 and 3, each row forming1 in itself a continuous pipe by connecting t e upperand lower ends of the vertical portions respectively to each other,-

the individual rows being connected with each other in a manner to be described later on; These individual rows, of which row 1 is closely adjacent to the generator wall 7,

are setat their base into vertical annular walls 55, 56 and 57 57 forming the innermost circular wall. These annular wall portions form respectively the lower portions of the combustion chambers thus formed between the concentric rows of tubes and in the bottom of each combustion chamber are located a number of groups of burners 4, 5 and 6 respectively, which in each chamber are distributed over the entire bottom area, as is plainly visible from Figure 2. These burners are supplied with fuel from an outside source, for instance tank 15, through feeder pipes which terminate respectively in headers 12, 13 and 1 1 to which the individual burners are connected, control valves 50 being inserted in into annular chambers 36, 37, 38 respective- 'these annular chambers each combustion chamber is supplied by an air duct 39 provided in the brick wall, the air entering the combustion chambers constituting only part of the combustion air. The remainder issupplied from annular chambers 36, 37 and 38 directly into the burners. By arranging the air supply ducts which lead directly into the combustion chambers in the walls of refractory material, the latter is cooled by this air and the air in turn conveniently preheated. The remainder of the wall portion of each chamber is cooled by the generating tubes, which as Figure 1 shows, extend longitudinally through these walls. The flames develop in the chamber portions 8, 9 and 10 and thence. extend upward into the combus- ,jdotted lines.

tion chambers formed between concentric rows of generating tubes so that these tubes are exposed on all sides to radiant heat. The products of combustion escape through the annular flue 16 provided at the upper portion of chamber wall 7 whence the gases escape to the fine proper as indicated in For the purpose of connecting one circle of tubes with the other connecting tubes 23 and 24 are provided with flanges 18, 19, 21 and 22. The circle of tubes 1 is in communication with the circle of tubes 2 by a connecting tube 23 by the aid of tube flanges 22 and 18 and the circle of tubes 2 with the circle of tubes 3 in a similar way by a connecting tube 24 by means of flanges 21 and 19. The steam generated in the tubes escapes from the circle of tubes 3 and passes through the connecting -pipe 25, joined to the tube 3 by means of the flange 20, into a consumer, not shown in the drawing, such as a steam turbine. The feed water is supplied to the tube 1 on the extreme left which is joined to the feed pipe by means of the flanges 17 The circulation cycle of the medium to be evaporated will be readily understood from the location of the connections described above.

The arrangement of the tubes and nozzles described with reference to the embodiment illustrated may of course be varied in accordance with the space ratio and the total size selected of the steam generator plant. Instead of the concentric circles of tubes differently arranged'circles of tubes may, for instance, be provided or the tubes could be arranged diiferently altogether. It will also be obvious to any one skilled in the art that the term circle with respect to the configuration of the boiler and the tube arrangement would not necessarily imply an actual round or cylindrical contour so long as'the concentric arrangement of the tube rows remains such that these rows are exposed on both sides to a radiant heat.

The concentric arrangement of the nozzles 4, 5 and 6 is such that the heat of radiation is transmitted to the tubes as uniformly as possible and from all sides. By arranging the pipe lines in the manner illustrated and described an extraordinary large heating surface may be accommodated in a very small space and the capacity of the boiler may very considerably be increased thereby.

Various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposedby the prior art.

I claim as my invention 1. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls said chambers, said rows-of tubes, except the outermost row, being exposed on all sides to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said rows permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said tube rows.

2. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion chambers, and fuel nozzles directed into said concentric chambers for producing combustion therein, said rows of tubes, except the outermost row, being exposed on all sides to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said roWs permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said tube rows. V

3. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion uniformly over all chambers and to expose all sides of said tube rows, except in case of the outermost row, to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said tube rows permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said rows.

4. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion chambers, and fuel nozzles provided in the lower portion of said combustion chambers to distribute the total amount of combustion uniformly over all chambers and to expose all sides of said tube rows, except in case of the outermost row, to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said tube rows permitting the circu lation of the operating medium through said rows, the bottom of each combustion chamber being located higher than the bottom of its next adjacent inner chamber so that the bottom portions of said combustion chambers form an inverted pyramid.

5. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion chambers, and-fuel nozzles provided in the lower portion of said combustion chambers "to distribute the total amount of combustion uniformly over all chambers and to expose all sides of said tube rows, except in case of the outermost row, to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said tube rows permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said rows, the bottom of each combustion (chamber being located higher thanvthe bot-.

tom of its next adjacent inner chamber so that the bottom portions of said combustion chambers form an inverted pyramid, the bottom of each combustion chamber also having walls of refractory material, said nozzles being located in said bottom po'rtion, and combustion air ducts provided in the portion of said walls for cooling that wall portion and for preheating the combustion air.

6. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes ar ranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion chambers, and fuel nozzles provided in the lower portion of said combustion chambers to distribute the total amount of combustion uniformly over all chambers and expose all sides of said tube rows,'except incase of the outermost row, to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said tube rows permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said rows, the bottom of each combustion chamber being located higher than the bottom of its next adjacent inner chamber 'so that the bottom portions of said combustion chambers form an inverted pyramid, the bottom of each combustion chamber also having walls of refractory material, said nozzles being located in said bottom portion, and combustion air ducts provided in the portion of said walls for cooling that wall portion and for preheating the combustion air, the lower portions of said tube rows extending longitudinally through another portion of said walls for cooling that wall portion.

7. A steam generator. having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the'walls of a plurality of concentric cpmbus-- tion chambers, and fuel nozzles provlded in the lower portion of said combustion chambers to distribute the total amount of combus-v tion uniformly over all chambers and to expose all sides of said tube rows, except in case of the outermost row, to radiant heat from said combustion, and pipe connections between said tube rows permitting the circulation of the operating medium through said rows, the bottom of each combustion chamber being located higher than the bottom of its next adjacent inner chamber so that the bottom portions of said combustion chambers form an inverted pyramid, the bottom of each combustion chamber also having walls of refractory material, said nozzles being located in said bottom portion, and combustion air ducts provided in the portion of said walls for cooling that wall portion and for preheating the combustion air, the

lower portions of said tube rows extending longitudinally through another portion of said walls for cooling that wall portion, and

concentric openly accessible air supply and fuel supply ducts and fuel valves beneath the bottom portion of each combustion chamber.

- 8. A steam generator having a generating chamber and steam generating tubes arranged therein in concentric rows to form the walls of a plurality of concentric combustion chambers, andfuel nozzles directed into said concentric chambers for producing combustion therein, said rows of tubes, except the outermost row being exposed on all sides to radiant heat from said combustion, a gas discharge duct for removal of the products of combustion disposed laterally of the end of the chamber opposite to that at which the fuel nozzles are located.

. KARL MAYR. 

